Metallurgical industry refers to the industry that mines, selects and sinters metal ores and smelt and processes them into metal materials. Yushun will tell you about the process flow of steel production in metallurgical industry.
It is divided into:
(1)the ferrous metallurgy industry, that is, the industrial sector producing iron, chromium, manganese and its alloys, which mainly provides raw materials for modern industry, transportation, capital construction and military equipment;
(2) Non-ferrous metallurgy industry, that is, the metal refining industry sector that produces non-ferrous metals, such as copper smelting, aluminum making, lead and zinc, nickel and cobalt smelting, tin smelting, precious metals, rare metals and other industrial sectors.
Let's take a look at the process flow of steel production in the metallurgical industry.
Iron-making
Iron making methods mainly include blast furnace method, direct reduction method, melting reduction method, etc. The principle is that the ore in a specific atmosphere (reducing material CO, H2, C; Suitable temperature, etc.) to obtain reduced pig iron through physicochemical reaction. In addition to a small part of pig iron used for casting, most of the raw materials are used as steel-making.
The smelting principle of blast furnace iron making
Iron ore, coke and lime are the raw materials used in iron making. Iron ore is sintered and then loaded into blast furnaces to produce molten iron. The process flow of iron making is as follows.
Steel-making
Steel-making is the process of decarbonization, heating and alloying of molten iron through oxidation reaction. Its main tasks are decarbonization, deoxygenation, heating, removal of gas and non-metallic inclusions, alloying. Molten steel is made into billets by continuous casting or forging. Modern iron and steel industry generally uses continuous casting process to produce billets.
Main equipment of steel-making plant: converter, electric furnace, continuous casting machine.
Converter steel-making
The converter steel-making process is shown as follows: molten iron and recycled scrap steel are used as raw materials, and the carbon content is reduced to 0-1.5% by blowing oxygen in the converter to produce molten steel.
Electric steel-making
The process flow of electric furnace steel-making is shown as follows: Electric furnace (EAF) melts steel scrap and pig iron to produce molten steel by generating heat from electrode arc discharge. A secondary refining process is then used to make subtle adjustments to the composition, temperature and cleanliness of the molten steel.
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